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Infiltration occurs when water at the soil surface enters the pores of the soil matrix. The rate at which this occurs is influenced by soil texture, structure, bulk density, initial moisture content, and the presence of vegetation or cracks. Initially, when soil is dry, the infiltration rate is high due to capillary suction (matric potential). As the soil saturates, gravity becomes the dominant force, and the infiltration rate stabilizes, approaching the saturated hydraulic conductivity ($K_sat$) of the soil.

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ASTM D3385-18 is the standard test method for measuring the infiltration rate of soils in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer. It is primarily used for fine-grained soils to determine how quickly water or other liquids penetrate the ground surface. Core Test Methodology

The test involves driving two open cylinders (concentric rings) into the ground and filling them with water.

Constant Head Method: Water is maintained at a fixed level in both the inner and outer rings.

Inner Ring Measurement: Only the volume of water added to the inner ring is used to calculate the infiltration rate. The outer ring acts as a buffer to ensure water from the inner ring flows vertically into the soil, preventing lateral spread.

Standard Dimensions: A typical setup uses a 12-inch (30 cm) inner ring and a 24-inch (60 cm) outer ring. Scope and Applicability

ASTM D3385-18 establishes a standard field method for measuring soil infiltration rates using double-ring infiltrometers to assess hydraulic conductivity. This procedure involves maintaining a constant water head in concentric rings, measuring vertical water flow to determine the infiltration rate [1]. You can access the full standard through the ASTM website.

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The movement of water through the soil surface, known as infiltration, is a fundamental hydrologic process. It governs the partitioning of rainfall into surface runoff and subsurface storage, influencing everything from flood forecasting and irrigation efficiency to the design of stormwater management systems and landfill liners. Accurate quantification of the infiltration rate is essential for civil engineers, hydrologists, and environmental scientists.

ASTM D3385-18, officially titled “Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometers,” serves as the industry benchmark for this measurement. By utilizing a concentric ring apparatus, the method aims to minimize lateral flow divergence, thereby providing a more accurate representation of the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the soil. This paper dissects the standard, offering guidance on its practical application and theoretical basis.

By understanding and adhering to standards like ASTM D3385-18, professionals in the construction, civil engineering, and geosynthetics industries can ensure that geotextile materials perform as expected, thereby enhancing the safety, durability, and sustainability of infrastructure projects. Whether you're an engineer, a procurement specialist, or a researcher in the field, staying informed about ASTM standards and their implications can significantly impact the success of your projects.

The ASTM D3385-18 standard provides a rigorous procedure for measuring the infiltration rate of soils in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer. This method is essential for civil engineers, hydrologists, and environmental scientists to determine how quickly water penetrates a site's soil—a critical factor for designing drainage systems, septic fields, and irrigation networks. Overview of ASTM D3385-18

This standard, officially titled "Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer," defines the equipment and methodology required to obtain reliable field data.

Primary Goal: To measure the rate at which a liquid (typically water) enters the soil surface.

Apparatus: Two concentric rings—usually a 12-inch (300 mm) inner ring and a 24-inch (600 mm) outer ring—driven into the soil to a specific depth.

Key Application: Used for evaluating liquid waste disposal sites, septic-tank fields, irrigation requirements, and potential leakage in canals or reservoirs. Scope and Soil Applicability

The ASTM D3385-18 method is highly specialized and not suitable for all soil conditions: If you're tasked with or interested in writing

Ideal Soils: Most effective for relatively uniform, fine-grained soils with moderate to low resistance to penetration.

Limitations: It may produce unreliable results in very pervious soils (hydraulic conductivity >10-2is greater than 10 to the negative 2 power cm/s) or very impervious soils ( <10-5is less than 10 to the negative 5 power

Restrictions: This test cannot be performed if the soil surface is below the groundwater table. For extremely low infiltration rates, experts often refer to ASTM D5093 (sealed inner ring method) instead. The Double-Ring Method: How It Works

The "double-ring" design is critical for accuracy because it forces water in the inner ring to flow one-dimensionally (vertically). The outer ring acts as a buffer, saturating the surrounding soil to prevent lateral (sideways) spreading from the inner measurement area. Requirement under ASTM D3385-18 Method Constant Head Method (water level is kept steady) Ring Depth Driven typically to 150 mm (6 inches) Measurement

Volume of water added to the inner ring over timed intervals Result Unit

Typically expressed in centimeters per hour (cm/h) or inches per hour Practical Procedure Steps

ASTM D3385-18 establishes a standard field procedure for measuring soil infiltration rates using a double-ring infiltrometer, essential for engineering applications like waste disposal and stormwater management. It is best suited for uniform, fine-grained soils where a constant head of liquid is maintained to measure downward vertical flow. For complete technical specifications, visit ASTM International.

ASTM D3385-18 establishes a field procedure using a double-ring infiltrometer to measure the liquid infiltration rate of soils. This constant-head method helps determine vertical soil permeability for environmental and engineering projects by recording water volume over time. For more details, visit ASTM. Standard ASTM D3385-18 - Afnor EDITIONS

ASTM D3385-18, the "Standard Test Method for Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer," outlines a field procedure using a 12-inch inner and 24-inch outer ring to determine soil permeability. The constant-head method is suitable for measuring liquid infiltration in various soils, excluding those with high gravel content or excessive shrinkage. The full standard can be purchased directly from the ASTM Store.

ASTM D3385-18 is the active standard test method for measuring the infiltration rate of soils in the field using a double-ring infiltrometer. It is utilized in geotechnical engineering to assess water penetration using constant, measured flow in two concentric rings, making it best suited for uniform soils with specific hydraulic conductivity. Purchase the official document at ASTM International ASTM International A search for "astm d338518 pdf" often leads

ASTM D3385-18 outlines the standard field procedure for measuring soil infiltration rates using a double-ring infiltrometer to manage water, design septic systems, and evaluate groundwater recharge. The test requires driving 300 mm and 600 mm diameter rings into the soil, followed by a one-hour presoaking period, before measuring the volume of water required to maintain a constant head. For a complete overview of the procedure, refer to the document at my.civil.utah.edu.

ASTM D3385-18 standard provides a field procedure for measuring the infiltration rate

of soils using a double-ring infiltrometer. This method is most effective for relatively uniform, fine-grained soils and is typically used for applications like irrigation studies, septic field evaluations, and stormwater management. The University of Utah 1. Equipment and Site Preparation

: Two concentric open cylinders (typically 300 mm and 600 mm in diameter). You will also need driving caps, a hammer, a depth gauge, and a liquid supply (usually water). Site Choice

: Select a nearly level area. Ensure the test surface is not below the water table. Pre-Soaking

: In some cases, pre-soaking the soil is recommended to reach saturation before formal measurement begins. ASTM International 2. Ring Installation

: Drive the outer ring into the soil to a depth of approximately 150 mm (6 in.). Concentric Placement

: Center the inner ring inside the outer ring and drive it to a similar depth. Vertical Alignment

: Ensure both rings are vertically level to maintain uniform water pressure. The University of Utah

Infiltration Rate of Soils in Field Using Double-Ring Infiltrometer1

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