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| Detector Class | Principle | Typical Sensitivity (e.g., %/m³) | Ideal Placement | |----------------|-----------|----------------------------------|-----------------| | Smoke – Optical (photoelectric) | Light scattering | 0.02 %/m³ (high) | Enclosed spaces, offices. | | Smoke – Ionisation | Ion current reduction | 0.02 %/m³ (moderate) | Large, well‑ventilated spaces. | | Heat – Rate‑of‑Rise (ROR) | Rapid temperature increase | 10 °C/s | Kitchens, engine rooms. | | Multi‑criteria | Combination of smoke, heat, CO, etc. | Adaptive (depends on algorithm) | Complex/variable environments. | Look for related documents:
| Parameter | Minimum Requirement | |-----------|----------------------| | Battery Capacity | Must sustain full alarm operation for 30 min after mains loss, plus 24 h standby (including self‑test). | | Battery Test | Automated weekly test of battery voltage; full discharge test every 6 months. | | Power‑Source Separation | Backup supply must be physically separated from mains distribution to avoid common‑mode failures. |
| System Type | Redundancy Level | Typical Application | |-------------|------------------|----------------------| | A‑type | No redundancy (single‑channel). | Small shops, low‑risk areas. | | B‑type | Dual‑channel, 1‑out‑of‑2 voting (any one channel can sustain alarm). | Offices, hotels, medium‑risk areas. | | C‑type | Dual‑channel, 2‑out‑of‑2 voting (both channels required for alarm). | High‑value assets, critical infrastructure where false alarms must be minimized. | | D‑type (optional in some national annexes) | Triple‑channel, 2‑out‑of‑3 voting. | Ultra‑critical environments (data centres, nuclear). |