| Issue | Likely Cause | Fix |
|--------------------------------|----------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------|
| Breakpoint not hit | Wrong symbol / offset, or test point disabled | Check !sym, verify enabling flag |
| System crashes (BSOD / panic) | IRQL violation or paged memory at high level | Use !irql, move code to PASSIVE_LEVEL |
| Logs missing | Debug output filter too low | KdPrint level, ed Kd_DEFAULT_Mask |
| High latency / missed events | Too many print calls | Use buffered ETW / tracepoints |
A good KMGD test point adheres to the following specifications: kmgd test point
| Characteristic | Requirement | |----------------|-------------| | Shape | Circular or square pad, often with a plated through-hole (PTH) for durability | | Size | Typically 1.0 mm – 1.5 mm diameter (for pogo pins); 0.8 mm minimum for manual probes | | Finish | Gold (ENIG) or tin-lead (HASL) – gold preferred for oxidation resistance | | Accessibility | Placed on the bottom (solder side) or top side, but always on a single layer without solder mask over the pad | | Spacing | Minimum 1.27 mm center-to-center to avoid shorts between adjacent test points | | Annotation | Silkscreen label (e.g., "TP_KMGD_3V3", "GND_KMGD") for identification | | Issue | Likely Cause | Fix |
Traditional test points required physical fixturing to align parts perfectly. A KMGD test point uses Pattern Matching and Search Windows. It automatically locates the part within the field of view, adjusting the measurement coordinates dynamically, eliminating the need for expensive precision fixturing. 500 to 2
| Data type | Method |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| Registers / arguments | Read from trap frame / pt_regs |
| Stack trace | RtlCaptureStackBackTrace (Win), stack_trace_save (Linux) |
| Timestamp | KeQueryPerformanceCounter, ktime_get |
| Current process/thread | PsGetCurrentProcess, current->pid |
The KMGD is shipped in tape-and-reel packaging (typically 13-inch reels with 1,500 to 2,500 pieces). This allows pick-and-place machines to mount it alongside resistors and capacitors, eliminating manual assembly steps.