The keyword includes "updated" —and updated it has been. Over the past decade, several landmark reforms have reshaped Belgian sex ed.
1991: (Silence) 2026: “Consent is enthusiastic, reversible, specific, and sober. It applies to a kiss, a photo, and a relationship. Practicing consent starts with asking a friend ‘Can I hug you?’” The keyword includes "updated" —and updated it has been
Belgian Law Note: Since 2022, Belgium requires affirmative consent education in all schools (Flemish decree). No more “no means no” – now it’s “only yes means yes.” evidence-informed program that addresses physiology
In 1991, Belgium was a country divided not just by language (Flemish vs. Walloon communities) but by ideology regarding youth and sexuality. Prior to this year, sex education was largely the responsibility of parents or religious institutions. In Catholic schools, the message was often abstinence and shame; in secular schools, it was limited to basic biology. and modern challenges (digital safety
How has the specific teaching of puberty changed?
| Feature | 1991 Approach | Updated Modern Approach | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Menstruation | "The Curse" / Hygiene management. | A natural bodily function; discussion of cycle tracking for health, not just pregnancy. Destigmatization of period poverty. | | Body Image | Rarely discussed. | Critical analysis of media and social media body standards. Focus on body positivity. | | Genitals | Clinical diagrams (internal focus). | Proper terminology for external genitalia (vulva vs. vagina) to empower body autonomy. | | Emotions | Moodiness seen as a symptom. | Emotional regulation, mental health awareness, and navigating changing social dynamics. |
A comprehensive update to Belgium’s sexual education should move from fragmented, morality-tinged approaches of 1991 to a standardized, rights-based, evidence-informed program that addresses physiology, consent, gender equity, and modern challenges (digital safety, LGBTQ+ inclusion). Coordinated policymaking, teacher training, and robust evaluation are essential.